About Panels
Electrical panels, often referred to as distribution boards are a crucial component in any residential, commercial, or industrial electrical system. They act as the central hub that distributes electricity from the main power source to various circuits throughout the building. Understanding the basics of electrical panels can ensure that the electrical systems are safe, and efficient.
The lack of knowledge of how electrical panels functions or how to maintain them, can result in unexpected problems, and sometimes leads to hazardous electrical fires. I encountered real time problem at my home that my appliances turned off on the spot when heater and microwave were turned-on together. So, is it a power outage?
No, it is because a breaker is tripped. Breakers are safety devices that automatically cut power to a section of your home when the electrical circuit becomes overloaded. These breakers are housed within the electrical panel.
What is an Electrical Panel?
An electrical panel is a part of an electricity supply system that divides the electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits and it is a metal box that houses circuit breakers or fuses, which protect electrical circuits from overloads and short circuits. The panel connects to the utility power line and distributes power to various circuits throughout the building.
Types of Electrical Panels
Main Breaker Panel: It is also known as the primary panel in a building usually found next to the electricity meters, containing a main breaker that can shut off power to the entire building. The two wires from the electric meter connect to the lugs on the main breaker. It consists of several individual circuit breakers for different circuits. Main breaker panel receives power from the utility company and directs it to individual circuits that supply power appliances, and regulates the distribution of electricity.
The main breaker provides overcurrent protection and is rated to handle a specific amount of electrical current usually 100A to 200 A. If this limit is exceeded, it will trip automatically to protect the electrical circuits.
Main Lug Panel:
This type of panel is often used as a subpanel and it is fed by a breaker from a main panel. This panel is suitable for commercial applications, like office buildings, retail stores, and restaurants. It is ideal for distributing power to lighting, outlets, and other electrical loads in commercial settings. For instance, commercial lug panel is designed for indoor use can accommodate up to 42 circuit breakers. It has a maximum voltage and current rating of 240V and 225A respectively.
Subpanel:
A subpanel is a smaller electrical panel that connects to the main panel and distributes power to large appliances or any particular area. It results into less congestion in main panel.
Transfer Switches:
These panels are used to switch between utility power and back-up generator power during an outage. An Automatic Mains Failure Panel (AMFP) automatically switches from the main source to a standby generator when there is a power outage. Without this panel, you would have to start the generator manually, which can lead to data loss and damage to electrical equipment. When the main power returns, the AMFP switches back to the main supply and shuts down the generator after it cools down.
Key Components of an Electrical Panel
- Main Breaker: The main breaker controls the power to all circuits in the panel and provides overcurrent protection.
- Circuit Breakers: These are switches that automatically shut off power to a circuit if it becomes overloaded or short-circuits, protecting the wiring and preventing fires.
- Bus Bars: Conductive bars that distribute power from the main breaker to the circuit breakers.
- Neutral and Grounding Bars: These provide return paths for electric current to directly flow to the earth and ensure safe operation of the electrical system.
How to Choose the Right Electrical Panel?
- Assess the total electrical load and future expansion. Residential panels need. lower power capacities range from 100 to 200 amps, while commercial panels need much higher.
- Determine the number of circuits needed and ensure that the panel has enough slots for current as well as future expansion.
- Consider choosing panels with safety features like arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI) and ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) as they provide extra protection against electrical hazards.
Maintenance and Safety Tips
- Inspect your panel periodically by licensed electricians to check for its working condition and up to electrical standards.
- Read the guidelines before installing or using a circuit breaker for safety reasons.
- Do not overload circuits because the breaker will trip if it detects a higher voltage than its allowance. Ensure the heavy loads, like HVAC systems, have dedicated circuits.
- Clearly label each circuit breaker to identify what they control. Most breakers handle 15A to 20A, but some devices need more so use the correct breaker between 20A and 30A.
When to Upgrade Your Electrical Panel?
- Substantial increase in a load.
- Older homes or buildings with outdated panels.
- To meet updated electrical standards.
Conclusion:
In this blog, importance of electrical panels and its types is discussed. Understanding the function and components of an electrical panel is essential whether you are upgrading your system or troubleshooting issues, to ensure a reliable power supply. Always prioritize safety and consult professionals for any electrical work. When selecting an electrical panel, consider your specific needs, consult with professional electrician, and prioritize safety and efficiency.
